writes Fernández Retamar in "Caliban"*, in which he posits Caliban, rather than Ariel as the symbol for Latin America. He (15 years) later states in its follow-up, "Caliban Revisited" that his canonical and incredibly well-developed essay was written "...in a few days, practically without sleeping or eating, feeling myself pressured by people for whom I have the highest regard, are responsible for a number of loose ends in the piece that gave rise to misunderstandings" (54-55)
I don't believe that his comments and criticism of Jorge Luis Borges were "loose ends", but they may have given rise to misunderstandings. Certainly, I found them a bit surprising, having only ever read, heard and probably uttered or wrote gushingly positive observations about JLB. Fernández Retamar is respectful yet assertive (y
muchas veces acierta) as he critiques the author who has been for so many and for so many years, untouchable. Granted, Fernández Retamar is a revolutionary (
¿marxista? ¿comunista?) and writes from and for the revolution. It was nonetheless interesting and illuminating to read his assessments of the author
argentino who may or may not have foreshadowed the Internet in the short story "El aleph"... I'll limit my discussion to citing just a couple of those assessments. Fernández Retamar does acknowledge that JLB does not pretend to be a leftist (he stops short of saying that Fuentes does), but also points out on several occasions a kinship between Borges and Sarmiento, for whom neo-colonialism might have been a delightful possibility.
"Borges is a typical colonial writer, the representative among us of a now-powerless class for whom the act of writing - and he is well aware of this, for he is a man of diabolical intelligence - is more like the act of reading. He is not a European writer; there is no European writer like Borges. But there are
many European writers - from Iceland to the German expressionists - whom Borges has
read, shuffled together, collated." And a little
más adelante, "The writing of Borges comes directly from his reading, in a peculiar
process of phagocytosis..."** (28).
All of this and more says the man who persists in using characters from
Shakespeare to symbolize América.
*Excellent translation by Edward Baker in this edition,
Caliban and Other Essays, published by the University of Minnesota, 1989 with a forward by Jameson)
**If you click that link, you'll be directed to a site where you can see what this looks like at the cellular level.